French became the official language Dutch was banned in schools. The Belgian Revolution of 1830 crystallised this antagonism, with the final arrangements favouring the French-speakers. In a sense, the Belgian Revolution was a Walloon revolution, of a French-speaking upper and middle class that exchanged Dutch hegemony for Walloon hegemony. At the most basic level, the Dutch were for free trade, while less-developed local industries in Belgium called for the protection of tariffs.Īt the grassroots level the Belgian peoples' faith, Roman Catholicism, conflicted with that of their Dutch King, Calvinism, the Belgians saw themselves as purely Catholic and demanded a higher role for the Church (those roman catholic demons at it again), in their government.
The Belgians had little influence over this economy and resented Dutch control. The traditional economy of trade and an incipient Industrial Revolution were centred in the present day Netherlands, particularly in the large port of Amsterdam. The main cause of the Belgian Revolution was the domination of the Dutch over the economic, political, and social institutions of the United Provinces. Not for long when in 1830 the Belgian Revolution led to the establishment of an independent, Catholic and neutral Belgium. The reunification of the Low Countries as the United Kingdom of the Netherlands occurred at the end of the Napoleon era in 1815. The Eighty Years' War (1568–1648), divided the Seventeen Provinces into the United Provinces in the north and the Southern Netherlands in the south, these were ruled successively by the Spanish and the Austrian Habsburgs. These states gained a degree of autonomy in the 15th century and were thereafter named the Seventeen Provinces. Most of them were united in the course of the 14th and 15th centuries as the Burgundian Netherlands. During the Middle Ages, the Low Countries were split into many small feudal states.
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